If you’re new to Apple TV software development, take a moment to familiarize yourself with the tools and technologies you’ll use. Apple provides the tools you need to get started, and tvOS gives you the technologies and features you want with the performance you need.
Embrace the living-room experience on Apple TV by delivering content people can enjoy from their couch. Stream the latest entertainment, sports, or news content. Offer a great game or education experience, or deliver personal training sessions from a fitness app. Deliver your content in high-quality formats such as 4K video, Dolby Vision, Dolby Atmos, and HDR10. Design your app’s interface to support easy navigation with the Apple TV remote. tvOS offers different paths for delivering your content, and the path you choose initially affects the decisions you make later:
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Another early choice to make is which app-builder technologies to use for your core infrastructure. App-builder technologies provide the foundational code you use to assemble your interface, handle events, and interact with the system. Each app-builder technology supports at least one development path, and some support multiple paths. Choose from the following app-builder technologies:
Human Interface Guidelines Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines offer invaluable information on how to design your app’s interface, navigate content, and manage interactions on Apple TV. Make reading these guidelines a priority in your explorations of the tvOS ecosystem, and use the corresponding Apple Design Resources to dive into designing your app.
There are certain features and technologies that are essential for tvOS apps. When planning your initial UI, make sure you consider the following features:
Dark Mode This system-wide setting lets someone choose between a light or dark interface for their Apple TV. Dark and light interface styles rely on different color palettes and image assets, which you manage with the help of asset catalogs. For other parts of your UI, use system APIs to determine when it’s time to change between light and dark content. For details, view Supporting Dark Mode in your interface .
Scenes Scenes are a crucial part of the infrastructure you use to manage your app’s interface. A scene coordinates interactions between your UI and the rest of your app. Scenes also respond to notifications that affect your UI, such as transitions between foreground and background execution. Make sure you support scenes in all your apps. For information, view SwiftUI and UIKit .
Automatic layout Rather than adjust the position of views manually to accommodate different TV sizes, aspect ratios, and resolutions, tell the system how to make those adjustments relative to the current safe areas . SwiftUI adopts automatic layout as part of its UI design approach. To adopt automatic layout in UIKit views, add Auto Layout constraints to your interface.
Scalable images Incorporate SF Symbols to make your app more adaptable to changes. The SF Symbols app offers a vast collection of configurable, vector-based images that adapt naturally to appearance and size changes. They also blend well with the San Francisco system font, resulting in a consistent look across Apple platforms. View Configuring and displaying symbol images in your UI .
Design your interface with focus-based navigation in mind. Most interactions with your app occur through the Apple TV remote. People use the directional buttons on the remote to change focus from one part of your UI to another. They then use the select button to act on the focused item, or the Menu button to navigate back to the previous screen. Make navigation as straightforward as possible, and minimize text input and other complex interactions. Lockups are one way to simplify navigation, and promote consistency among similar items in your UI. A lockup is a group of related views that you combine into a single, selectable element. For example, a movie lockup might include the movie’s title, description, cast list, and poster image. When someone selects a movie, tvOS places focus on the entire lockup instead of on individual items. For more information, view Lockups.
Its position in the living room makes Apple TV the ideal location for media-centric apps. Apple’s audio and video technologies give you access to a wide range of media formats, and the tools you need to play them at the highest quality.
Play and manage media AVKit provides everything you need to play and manage your app’s audio and video content. Display video using the standard system interface, which offers built-in transport controls and supports AirPlay, Picture in Picture (PiP), interstitial content, and more. For more fine-grained control over your content, use AVFoundation .
Play high-quality spatial audio Create the ultimate music player using AVFAudio , which contains the audio-specific types from the AVFoundation framework. Take your audio into another dimension using PHASE , which supports the creation of complex, dynamic spatial audio experiences in your games and apps.
Stream live or recorded content Learn how to create streamed content and deploy it to your server using HTTP Live Streaming . Play back that streamed content from you app using AVFoundation .
Protect people’s privacy Privacy is important, so keep people informed about how you use their data. If you collect data, offer a privacy statement that explains how you use that information. When you use Apple technologies that operate on personal data, include usage descriptions for the system to display on first use. For more information, view Protecting the user’s privacy .
Secure the data you collect and store If you do collect data, make sure you protect that data from malicious attacks. Store very sensitive data such as passwords, financial data, or personally identifiable information in the user’s encrypted Keychain . Use on-disk encryption or other Apple security technologies to store other personal data. Use Apple CryptoKit to encrypt data that you store locally or send outside your app.
Audit your accessibility support Apple builds accessibility support right into its technologies, but screen readers and other accessibility features rely on information your app provides. SwiftUI and UIKit can describe each piece of your UI, but only you know how those pieces work together. Review accessibility labels and other descriptions to make sure they provide helpful information, and make sure focus-based navigation is simple and intuitive. For more information, view Accessibility .
Internationalize and localize your app Expand your app to international markets by localizing it for other regions and languages. Prepare your app using the Foundation framework , which supports the formatting of strings, dates, times, currencies, and numbers for different languages and regions. Ensure your UI looks good for both left-to-right and right-to-left languages. Localize app resources and add them to your Xcode project. For information about the internationalization and localization process, view Localization .
Design for everyone Consider social and cultural differences when developing content, and avoid images and terms that have negative or derogatory connotations for portions of your audience. For more information, view Inclusion.
Test and debug your app thoroughly During the development cycle, debug problems as they arise using the built-in Xcode debugger . Build automated test suites using XCTest and run them during every build to validate new code works as expected. Use the continuous integration system of Xcode Cloud to automate builds, test cycles, and the distribution of your apps to your QA teams.
Optimize your app’s performance Eliminate bottlenecks and other performance issues in your code using the Instruments app that comes with Xcode. Profile your running code, find memory leaks, analyze resource usage, and much more. For information about how to gather metrics using Instruments, view Improving your app’s performance .
Choose a business model for your app Distribute your app worldwide using a variety of business models, including free, free with in-app purchases, pay-to-download, and more. Build your interface in a way that offers a cohesive experience and supports your chosen business model. For more information, view Choosing a business model.
Once you have your app up and running, look for additional ways to improve the experience. Little things can make a big difference, whether it’s adding a particular feature, or approaching your content in a different way. For example:
Simplify the login process for your app Adopt the system sign-in interface to let people sign into your tvOS app using an iPhone or iPad associated with the same Apple ID. Get people to their content more quickly by adopting multi-user support , which simplifies the process of selecting an app-specific user profile.
Allow people to connect from their other devices Let people interact with your tvOS app from their iPhone, iPad, or Apple Watch. Create a secure network connection between your app running on both devices using DeviceDiscoveryUI , and use that connection to exchange data. For example, you might let someone control your tvOS app using touch input from their iPhone.
Showcase content in the Top Shelf The top row of apps on the Apple TV Home screen can display additional content in the banner area immediately above. Deliver that content to the system using a Top Shelf app extension, which is a separate executable you include in your app. Use your extension to highlight new or featured content, or display someone’s favorite shows. For information about how to create this extension, view TV Services .
Allow people to share activities using SharePlay SharePlay invites people to share your app’s activities over a FaceTime call. Use it to implement movie-watching night in your streaming video app, or use it to turn game night into a spectator sport. Define the activities you want to share using Group Activities . Synchronize media playback using AVFoundation .
Capture live audio and video for broadcast Another way to share content is to capture live video and audio and save it as a recording or broadcast it live. Add this support to games or other apps when people might want to share their experience over email, messages, or social media. For more information, view ReplayKit .
Add runtime condition checks around new features When you update your app to support a new version of tvOS, place runtime condition checks around code for new features. Runtime checks eliminate the need to ship different versions of your app: one for people running the new version of tvOS, and one for people running older versions. Everyone runs the same app, and people on the newer version of tvOS gain access to the new features you added. For information about how to add runtime checks, view Running code on a specific platform or OS version .
Make it easy for people to interact with your app’s content in other ways:Make it easier to find relevant content Think about how people use your app, and find ways to surface important content quickly. Use date and time information to highlight new or current content. Use machine learning to analyze data and offer better solutions. Rearrange your interface dynamically to make frequently used content more accessible.
Support universal links for your app’s content If your website and app offer similar content, add universal link support to your app. With universal links, you don’t need to create separate URLs to open content in your app. One URL opens your app when it’s installed or your website when it isn’t. For more information, view Allowing apps and websites to link to your content .
Learn more about technologies that provide unique capabilities, yet integrate tightly with Apple platforms to form a seamless ecosystem for apps and games across iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS.
When you’re ready to distribute your apps, the App Store lets you deliver your apps to hundreds of millions people around the world. Learn about preparing your apps for submission to the App Store. Learn about submitting apps
